Natural production of glutathione occurs only
intracellularly. Most of glutathione is used inside the cells for antioxidant
defense, detoxification and many other processes that require glutathione.
Glutathione is
also exported outside the cells where it is needed to protect red and white
blood cells and keep GSH/GSSG ratio balanced. How much glutathione is produced
and exported by cells is very tightly regulated by the enzyme
glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the first enzyme in the synthesis of
glutathione.
Flooding the
bloodstream with oral glutathione may slow down and over time even shut down
the natural intracellular production because cells “detect” that excess and
mistakenly perceive it as a sign that the stores are adequate. The same
phenomenon can be observed with the hormones - for example, natural production
of melatonin or testosterone decreases with the synthetic
supplementation.
Liver is the
organ where glutathione is produced at the highest rate and where most of
the bloodstream glutathione comes from. Depletion of liver glutathione because
of this “misinterpreting” would be devastating to health.
This concern
has even been voiced by some renowned specialists:
A quote from Dr. Mercola’s
article on glutathione: “Glutathione supplementation can help people
with immunodeficiency but only to a certain degree, and only temporarily—kind
of like recharging a dead battery. Ironically, glutathione supplements may
actually interfere with your body’s own glutathione production. The human body
is programmed to self-produce its own antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione…
And synthetic supplementation of these compounds actually signals your body to
stop its own production – which leaves you dependent on synthetic substances…”
Glutathione is a cysteine-containing peptide found in most forms of aerobic life It
is not required in the diet and is instead synthesized in cells from its
constituent amino acids.[
Glutathione has antioxidant
properties since the thiol group in itscysteine moiety is a reducing agent and can be
reversibly oxidized and reduced. In cells, glutathione is maintained in the
reduced form by the enzyme glutathione reductase and in turn reduces other metabolites
and enzyme systems, such as ascorbate in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, glutathione peroxidases and glutaredoxins, as well as reacting directly with
oxidants. Due to its high
concentration and its central role in maintaining the cell's redox state,
glutathione is one of the most important cellular antioxidantsIn some organisms
glutathione is replaced by other thiols, such as by mycothiol in the Actinomycetes, bacillithiol in some Gram-positive bacteria, or
by trypanothione in the Kinetoplastids.
Read more information about Glutathione @
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